孟伟哉

孟伟哉，男，1933年12月生，山西省洪洞县人。著名作家，当代画家。曾任中共中央宣传部文艺局局长，国家新闻出版署专员，人民美术出版社社长，中国文学艺术界联合会秘书长。
1958年毕业于南开大学中文系。1948年参加革命工作，历任太岳第八纵队军政干校学员，连队宣传员，一八0师文工队副分队长、师政治部宣传科见习干事，五三八团宣教股见习干事，师政治部秘书，中国人民大学语言文学系讲师，中共中央宣传部文艺处干事，人民文学出版社编审、副总编辑，《当代》副主编，中共青海省委宣传部副部长及省文化厅厅长、党组书记，《现代人》主编，人民文学出版社社长、《当代》主编，中央宣传部文艺局局长，中国文联党组副书记兼秘书长。全国第八届人大代表，全国人大教科文卫委员会委员，中国作家协会第四届理事、第五届全国委员会委员。1950年开始发表作品。1979年加入中国作家协会。
著有长篇小说《昨天的战争》、《访问失踪者》，作品集《孟伟哉诗选》、《孟伟哉小说选》，论文评论集《作家的头脑怎样工作》，散文集《人在风云幻化中》，中篇小说《夫妇》、《黎明潮》、《安尼丝之谜》、《望郢》、《旅人蕉》、《逃兵戈尔巴托夫》等10余部，短篇小说《归途》、《一百名死者的最后时刻》、《战俘》等100余篇，画册《我的画》等。部分作品译有多种外文版本。中篇小说《一座雕像的诞生》获首届《解放军文艺》奖。
人生经历
少小从戎
1940年春，6岁的孟伟哉被带到邻村去参加一场秘密的追悼会。在反共高潮中，他的父亲——身为山西青年抗日救国决死队排长的孟守义牺牲了。对年幼的孟伟哉而言，父亲离去最直接的影响是：他失去了安定的生活。母亲被迫改嫁，封建世俗的流言蜚语又开始在他们周围弥漫。走在村里，孟伟哉总觉得抬不起头来。“那时，我迫切地想要离开那个地方，过上有尊严的生活。”
1948年6月，14岁的孟伟哉终于如愿以偿，加入革命队伍，离开家乡，开始征战生涯。1951年，尚未成年的孟伟哉已是久经沙场的老兵，时任60军180师政治部见习干事。刚满17岁时，他随部队入朝参战，两年后，被调任为师政治部秘书。在朝鲜战场，他经受着战火的洗礼。
1953年5月30日，夏季反击战战事正酣。孟伟哉手捧文件，疾行在师指挥所的羊肠小道上。突然，敌机来袭，随着一声巨响，他失去了知觉。孟伟哉后来才知道，敌机在离他不远处投下炸弹，他身旁的两名女战友牺牲了。
在战地医院，孟伟哉的整张脸被包扎得只露出眼睛、嘴巴。“我的皮肤被气浪灼烧，剧烈疼痛，连汗毛都碰不得，但我当时没有叫、没有哭、没掉一滴眼泪，那真是士气高昂呀！”至今，孟伟哉仍清晰记得，在送伤员返回祖国的白色火车上，他仍在烟盒纸上写着诗歌，令护士们很奇怪。
在辽宁省安东（今丹东）市区的某个礼堂里等待中转时，孟伟哉借了旁边一个伤员的小镜子一照，看到他被炸伤的耳朵竟突兀地冲着前方，就像小孩子的手一样大。这时，孟伟哉不禁潸然泪下。此时此刻，他才开始意识到这副容貌将会影响自己未来的生活。来不及多想，他请旁边的伤员帮他重新包扎。“这样耳朵虽然基本复位，但由于包扎得太紧，又有些新的变形，而且留下长期炎症，至今两只耳朵长得也不一样。”孟伟哉指着自己的耳朵继续说：“我父亲为国家牺牲，我为国家负伤，我们两代人没有对不起国家！”
笃志南开
1953年底，20岁的孟伟哉被鉴定为三等乙级伤残，作为荣誉军人回到山西。伤残后，他决心上大学。“既然不能上战场了，我就提高文化，去当个新闻记者，把那些曾和我并肩作战的英雄们记录下来。”
刚入伍时，孟伟哉按照部队的要求写了一篇文章，教导员对他的评价是“粗通文字”。部队里一贯注重战士文化水平的提高，在这种大气候下，好学的孟伟哉更是惜时如金，抓住一切机会学习。朝鲜战争转为阵地战，两军对峙，这使孟伟哉获得了更多时间来学习。他喜欢文学，在部队写通讯，也写诗歌和小说。1953年评军衔前测验文化时，孟伟哉被评定为高中学历。
孟伟哉继续读书的想法得到了部队领导、战友们的支持。拿着山西民政厅的介绍信，他不假思索地选择了北京大学和南开大学作为高考志愿。
报了名，离高考只剩下25天。从未接受过系统教育的孟伟哉暗下决心:“既然要考，就一定要考好。”他向朋友借来从小学到高中的全部文科教材，开始不分昼夜地苦读。“啃”完这厚厚一摞教材，他又蹲到书店里阅读相关课外书。他以军人的毅力和倔强拼搏着，困了，就用凉水冲头，灌下大杯浓茶来提神。为了保证有充沛的体力，他常常下“馆子”，挑有营养的菜吃。短短25天，他竟把三个月的津贴费“吃”掉了。
天道酬勤。首先开考的语文让孟伟哉信心倍增，有话可说。面对作文题《你为什么要考大学》，他提笔疾书：“我参加了解放战争和抗美援朝战争，我的战友们浴血奋战，甚至壮烈牺牲。我不能忘记他们。我要记录英雄，我要写出对后代有用的话，哪怕只有一句……”
1954年8月底，南开大学中文系的录取通知书寄到了孟伟哉手里，他高兴极了。他是山西省仅有的两名考入该校中文系的学生之一。入学后的半个月里，孟伟哉仍不断地问自己：“这是真的吗？”入学后，他才知道南开中文系在全国只招收了21名学生，他是第21名。入学仅仅几个月，他就在《天津日报》副刊上发表了一篇小说《战后相逢》。后来，他又陆续发表了多篇诗歌和小说。他曾是南开大学团委委员、学校文学社社长、学生科学研究协会主席和学生会中文系总干事。入学时他穿着的旧军服上挂着四五块纪念章和军功章，走在校园里吸引了许多同学的目光，他感到很自豪。然而，自豪的孟伟哉也有不敢做的事情：“那时学校每周都举行舞会，我爱去看热闹，却不敢在舞会上邀请女生跳舞，怕人家不同意，没面子。”他的坦白让我们不禁失笑。
醉心文艺
大学毕业，孟伟哉被分配到人民大学教书。1965年调入中宣部，他努力实践着自己对文学和文艺理论的理想。然而，“文革”中，中宣部工作人员全被安排到宁夏。
1973年7月12日，孟伟哉回到北京。次日清晨，大风大雨无情地吹打着一个孤独的身影，他就是赶往人民文学出版社报到的孟伟哉。他行色匆匆，唯恐耽误分秒而错失这个重获工作的机会。此后，他创作了以抗美援朝为题材的长篇小说《昨天的战争》、中篇小说《一座雕像的诞生》等，其中，《昨天的战争》全部完成时已是2000年年末，算起来历时26载。20年前，这部小说的上部由著名演播家曹灿在中央人民广播电台播出，在听众中引起了极大的轰动。这些作品奠定了他在中国当代文学史上的地位。
然而，他并未就此停下脚步。他主持人民文学出版社大型期刊《当代》期间，发现了包括路遥、史铁生在内的许多文学新人，这些人后来成长为中国当代文学界的著名作家。1985年，他在青海创办了大型文学刊物《现代人》，为年轻作者特别是青海年轻作者的创作活动提供了舞台。由于刊物方向正确，品位高雅、气息清新，受到广大读者好评，在文艺界产生了积极影响。
1988年11月，孟伟哉调任人民美术出版社社长。为了体会美术创作的甘苦，55岁的他开始拿起画笔。如今，孟伟哉仍乐此不疲。老画家邵宇说他“展开了文学和美术的双翼。”因为孟伟哉是名作家，出于好奇，很多人都想看他的画。原本以为这位老同志闲来无事，修心养性，画点松竹梅兰玩玩，谁想到，他的表现方式多变、随意、传神，就像童言无忌，让人耳目一新，很容易地被感染。他画作的境界和出新，让作家们叹服，也让画家们惊异。
孟伟哉完成了他迄今最大篇幅的画作。这副高1.45米、宽3.6米的《蜀道古柏》，寄寓着萦绕他心头近60年的感受和思绪。回想1949年12月，孟伟哉随军攻入剑门关。在山中借宿时，他发现了大片的古柏。这种状如雕刻、枝叶遒劲的“神秘”树木就此刻入他的记忆。直到上世纪90年代重返四川，他才得知树名为“诸葛张飞柏”，是三国时行军的路标，算来已有1800多年历史。朝代更替，树木依旧，这让孟伟哉不由得联想到共产主义事业面临的挑战。“这幅画是想表达我的忧患意识啊！画出这副画，我有写完一部长篇小说的感觉。”他说。
读书是孟伟哉不变的兴趣。目前，孟伟哉正反复品味着《史沫特莱文集》。这名美国女记者曾追随八路军，客观真实地报道了中国革命。“我希望史沫特莱被载入中国现代文学史，因为她的作品给予我的震撼并不逊色于鲁迅的作品。我生在上世纪30年代，她也是那时来到中国的，她的文字填补了我模糊的童年记忆，也让我更加了解中国的命运。”谈到史沫特莱，孟伟哉的声音里洋溢着钦佩和激动。“她应该是每个记者的偶像”。为了表达这种敬意，今年清明时节，孟伟哉专程到八宝山烈士陵园的史沫特莱墓前敬献了花圈。
心忧天下
孟伟哉通常在儿子的空房子里接待客人，离休后，这里就成了他的工作室。“我是每天按时按点自己给自己上班”。这个异常简朴的房子面积不大，光线暗淡。除去阳台上怒放的鲜花，很难在这里找到浓艳的色彩。房中散置着书籍和绘画工具，墙上挂着孟伟哉的画作《西藏半笔》，只寥寥几笔浓墨，山的庄严便跃然纸上。
虽然已是颐养天年的时候，他的思虑却从未减少，除了参加大大小小的社会活动，他还经常收到来自各地的信笺。因为出生在农村，孟伟哉非常关注“三农”问题。他对农村的很多现象有着独到见解：“农民为什么早婚呢，因为农村医疗水平落后，农村人口平均寿命比较短。”虽然现在农民的利益在很多方面已经得到改善，但仍然有不尽如人意之处。说这些时，孟伟哉的眉头总是紧皱着：“没有农民就没有中国革命的胜利，农民的利益必须要得到保障啊。”

Meng Wei, male, unripe in December 1933, shanxi saves person of big hole county. Write master home, contemporary painter. Ever held the post of the Central Committee of Communist Party of China to publicize a literary bureau director, national news publishs office assistant director, president of people art publishing house, secretary-general of union of group of Chinese literature art.
Was graduated from 1958 south open university Department of Chinese Language and Literature. Entered revolutionary job 1948, have successively held the posts of too high mountain student of dry school of stratocracy of the 8th column, company plugger, ministry of politics of header of deputy cent of group of industry of language of 18 0 division, division publicizes a secretary in charge of sth of division learn on job, 538 round propaganda and education a secretary in charge of sth of learn on job, secretary of division politics department, literature of language of Chinese people university fastens instructor, the Central Committee of Communist Party of China publicizes a literary department a secretary in charge of sth, people literature press reads and edit, deputy editor in chief, " contemporary " subeditor, undersecretary of department of propaganda of provincial Party committee of Qinghai of the Communist Party of China and hall of province culture hall secretary of long, leading Party group, " modern " chief editor, president of people literature press, " contemporary " chief editor, a literary bureau director is publicized in the center of, vice secretary of leading Party group of Chinese article couplet holds secretary-general concurrently. Delegate of the 8th National People's Congress, countrywide National People's Congress instructs Kewenwei committee committee member, chinese writer association committee member of committee of the 5th the 4th director, whole nation. Began to publish work 1950. Joined Chinese writer consortium 1979.
have novel " the war yesterday " , " the person that the visit is missing " , work collect " Meng Wei anthology " , " Meng Wei the novel is chosen " , the paper comments on collect " how does the writer's brains work " , prosaic collect " the person is changed in unreal of wind and cloud in " , novelette " couple " , " matutinal tide " , " Annisi's mystery " , " Wang Ying " , " traveller broadleaf plant " , " army deserter Gore Batuofu " wait for more than 10, short story " one's way home " , " the last hour of 100 deads " , " P.O.W " wait for more than 100, an album of paintings " my picture " wait. Partial work interpret has a variety of foreign language version. Novelette " a statuary birth " obtain first " the liberation army is literary " award.
Life experience
Little small join the army
1940 spring, meng Wei of 6 years old be taken the memorial meeting that adjacent village goes to attending a secret. Be in instead in all in the climax, his father -- the Meng Shouyi that fights platoon leader of day of group of life-and-death saving the nation as Shanxi youth sacrificed. Right year young Meng Wei, father leaves the most immediate impact is: He lost quiet life. The mother is forced remarry, feudal and lay scandal begins to be all round them again diffuse. Go in the village, meng Wei always feel to carry do not come at first. "In those days, I want pressingly to leave that place, go up too the life that has honor. Go up too the life that has honor..
In June 1948, meng Wei of 14 years old achieve what one wishes eventually, join revolutionary rank, leave home town, begin career of go on an expedition. 1951, still minor Meng Wei already was long of classics battlefield veteran, hold the post of when 60 army a secretary in charge of sth of learn on job of department of 180 division politics. Firm full when 17 years old, he attends a war into face along with army, after two years, be by transfer secretary of division politics department. In Korea battlefield, he is undergoing the severe test of flames of war.
On May 30, 1953, the summer strikes back war war to one's heart's content. Meng Wei the hand holds a file in both hands, racing go up in the narrow meandering footpath of division command post. Abrupt, enemy plane will raid, as blare, he lost consciousness. Meng Wei just know later, enemy plane is in from him nearby overhand bomb, he two beside female comrade-in-armses sacrificed.
Be in battleground hospital, meng Wei pieces of whole face is wrapped up so that show eye, mouth only. "My skin by blast calcination, acuteness and aching, the Mao Dou that connect sweat is touched must not, but I did not cry at that time, did not cry, did not drop a tear, that is morale holds high really! " up to now, meng Wei still clarity remembers, on the white train that sends the wounded to return the motherland, he still is writing poetry on cigarette case paper, make nurses very strange.
Anton is saved in Liaoning (today red east) when change trains awaiting in a certain auditorium of the urban district, meng Wei borrowed on the side the small glasses of a the wounded is illuminated, the ear that sees he is hurt by scamper is developing the front abruptly unexpectedly, the hand that resembles dot is euqally old. At this moment, meng Wei can't help shedding silent tears. At the moment, he just begins to realize this pair of appearance will affect the life that he did not come to. Have not enough time to think more, he asks the wounded on the side to help him wrap up afresh. "Although such ear are basic restoration, but because wrap up too closely, a little new be out of shaping, and leave long-term inflammation, up to now two ear grow differently also. " Meng Wei the ear that is pointing to oneself continues to say: "My father sacrifices for the country, I am wounded for the country, we two acting people did not I am sorry country! We two acting people did not I am sorry country!!
Leave south earnest annals
By 1953, meng Wei of 20 years old class of second of the third class that be by appraisal disables, return Shanxi as disable soldier. After disabling, he is determined to attend a college. "Since cannot go up battlefield, I raise culture, go becoming a journalist, the heroes that ever fought those side-by-side with me are recorded come down. The heroes that ever fought those side-by-side with me are recorded come down..
When firm enrollment, meng Wei wrote an article according to the requirement of army, the member that teach is to his evaluation " thick know a character " . Those who weigh soldier culture level always is note to rise in army, below this kind of macroclimate, academic Meng Wei more gold is like when cherish, capture all opportunity study. Korea war turns for position battle, two army confront each other, this makes Meng Wei obtained more time to learn. He likes literature, news report is written in army, also write poetry and novel. When culture of the exam before judging military rank 1953, meng Wei record of formal schooling of the high school that be by assess.
Meng Wei the support that the idea that continues to read got unit leader, comrade-in-armses. Taking the recommendation of hall of Shanxi civil administration, ground of his truly thinking chose Beijing University and south open an university to serve as the university entrance exam volunteer.
Signed up, remain 25 days only from the university entrance exam. The Meng Wei that has never accepted systematic education dark be determined: ? Personal deceive of ? of joyous ㄒ of ostrich of slash ? of the sunken ? that heat up ash! Bamboo-plaited basket or suitcase of those ? Ran ah manager achieves topic of graceful ? of instrument of Lie of reef of У having ⊙ to make the same score annulus of disease of ? of beach model ? to plant Mie of channel of reel silk from cocoons dysentery! Fly small Bi newly-risens sun vertebra of brother's son of ? of ? of model of beach of ? of Piao Yao Zhu Hui wrings Lv sunlight to engrave ? jumps K of mu of Luo of dainty of earthen jar of makings rostellum Mie ? says ? of bed of division of Ji of road of bursa Lin ? bovine ? Я makes fun of ? Tuo be ignorant of considers ? to flee punish ? the foot of a hill or mountain, he expends the allowance of 3 months unexpectedly " eat " dropped.
Weather channel fulfil is diligent. Open the Chinese that take an examination of to let Meng Wei above all confidence times add, the word can say. Face a composition to inscribe " why should you take an examination of an university " , he promotes pen disease book: "I attended war of liberation and the War to Resist Us Aggression and Aid Korea, my comrade-in-armses bathed in blood fights bravely, brave even sacrifice. I cannot forget them. I should record a hero, I should draw up useful to offspring word, even if have only... "
By August 1954, the admission notice that university Department of Chinese Language and Literature opens south sent Meng Wei in the hand, he is extremely glad. He is one of students that Shanxi province takes an examination of this school Department of Chinese Language and Literature twice only. In half month after enter a school, meng Wei still ask oneself ceaselessly: "Is this true? " after enter a school, he just knows Na Kaizhong article was fastened in the whole nation to recruit 21 students only, he is the 21st. Enter a school is only a few months, he is in " Tianjin daily " a novel was published on supplement " afterwar meet " . Later, he published many poetry and novel in succession again. He ever was south fly college group appoint total a secretary in charge of sth of chairman of institute of research of science of president of company of literature of committee member, school, student and student union Department of Chinese Language and Literature. There are 45 souvenir badges and milistary exploit chapter on the old military uniform that he is wearing when enter a school, went in campus to draw the look of a lot of classmates, he feels very proud. However, proud Meng Wei also have the business that dare not do: "The school holds ball every week in those days, I love to watch the scene of bustle, dare not invite a schoolgirl to dance on ball however, be afraid that the family does not agree, do not have face. " his let us can't help candidly cannot help laughing.
Be wrapped up in is literary
The university graduates, meng Wei be allocated people college teach school. Transferred into 1965 China Communist News Ministry, he is carrying out himself to be opposite hard literature and literary and academic ideal. However, "Culture Revolution " in, staff member of China Communist News Ministry is gone to by arrangement completely Ningxia.
On July 12, 1973, meng Wei return Beijing. Morrow early morning, flintily beat upon wears fresh gale heavy rain a lonely figure, he is driven toward the Meng Wei that people literature press reports for duty namely. His circumstances or style of departure is hasty, wary the opportunity that delay minute of second and misses this recovery work. After this, he wrote the novel that is subject matter with fighting beautiful aid government " the war yesterday " , novelette " a statuary birth " etc, among them, " the war yesterday " 2000 already is when be being finished entirely year end, appear last a period of time 26 carry. 20 years ago, the upside of this novel by famous perform broadcasting station of broadcast of people of centrally of the Cao Can that sow the home to broadcast, huge sensation was caused in audience. These work established him to be in China now the position on literary history.
However, he did not stop offal pace at this point. He directs people literature publishing house large periodical " contemporary " during, discovered those who include Lu Yao, history iron to be born inside a lot of literature new personality, these people grow to learn the well-known writer of the bound for Chinese contemporary article later. 1985, he established in Qinghai large literature journal " modern " , for young writer especially the creation activity of young writer offerred Qinghai arena. Because journal way is right, grade decorous, breath is pure and fresh, get wide readership reputably, positive effect produced in literary bound.
In November 1988, meng Wei president of publishing house of transfer people art. To experience the hardships and difficulties that art creates, he 55 years old begins to take paintbrush. Nowadays, meng Wei still be very happy with it. Old painter Shao Yu says him " the Shuang Yi that spread out literature and art. " because of Meng Wei it is master home, stem from curiosity, a lot of people want to see his picture. Think idle of this old pal will do not have a thing originally, cultivate the heart and nature culture, the picture nods loose Zhu Meilan to play, who thinks of, his expressional manner changeful, optional, lifelike, do not have avoid like Tong Yan, let a person find everything new and fresh, be affected easily. The state that he draws and piece new, invite writers gasp in admiration, also invite artists uncannily.
Meng Wei finished his to this day the picture of the largest space is made. This pair 1.45 meters tall, 3.6 meters wide " Sichuan path Gu Bai " , the move that send contain hover feeling of nearly 60 years mixes his mind feeling. After-thought December 1949, meng Wei along with army score sword door to close. When the stay overnight at sb else's place in hill, he discovered big Gu Bai. This kind of shape powerfuls like sculpture, branches and leaves " mysterious " the memory that tree enters him at the moment. Until go up century Sichuan of 90 time return, he just is informed tree name to be " Zhuge Zhangfei cypress " , it is the guide of the march when the the Three Kingdoms, calculate will already had 1800 old histories. Dynasty replace, arboreous as before, this lets Meng Wei the challenge that can'ts help associating to communistic career to be faced with. "This picture is the hardship consciousness that wants to convey me! The picture gives this pair of picture, I have the feeling that writes a novel. " he says.
Reading is Meng Wei changeless interest. Current, meng Wei savouring repeatedly " collected works of Lai of Shi Mei spy " . Ceng Zhui of this American female reporter follows the Eight Route Army, objective bona fide reported Chinese revolution. "I hope Lai of Shi Mei spy is record in China is contemporary literary history, because her work gives my shock,rude kind of work at Lu Xun. I am born in on century 30 time, she also comes to China in those days, her literal fill my ambiguous childhood memory, also let me understand Chinese destiny more. " speak of Lai of Shi Mei spy, meng Wei be permeated with in sound admire and excited. "The God that she should be every reporter " . To express this kind of respect, clear and bright this year season, meng Wei the Shi Mei that goes to cemetery of revolutionary martyrs of eight treasure mountain on a special trip is respected before Lai grave especially displayed wreath.
Heart concern the world
Meng Wei welcome a visitor in empty building of the son normally, after retiring, here became his atelier. "I am go to work to oneself by him dot on time everyday " . This unusually austere house area is not large, the ray is faint. The flower of the in full bloom on eliminate balcony, find the color of rich and gaudy very hard here. The interspersion in the room is worn book and painterly tool, there is Meng Wei on the wall the picture is made " Tibet half " , only very few a few thick Chinese ink, of hill majestic on appear vividly paper.
Although already was natural span of life of take care of oneself when, his consider carefully never decreases however, besides enter greatly little society activity, he often still gets the letter paper that comes from each district. Because be born in the country, meng Wei special attention " 3 farming " problem. He is having original opinion to a lot of phenomena of the country: "Farmer why marring too early, because level of rural medical treatment is backward, rural population mean life is briefer. " although the interest of the farmer is in now,a lot of respects had gotten ameliorative, but the place that still has the idea that be like a person very much. When saying these, meng Wei brows always is knitting closely: "Do not have the victory of Chinese revolution without the farmer, the interest of the farmer must want to get ensuring. The interest of the farmer must want to get ensuring..