秦仲文

秦仲文书画作品

秦仲文(1896～1974)，原名秦裕荣，号仲文，后又以秦裕为笔名，别署梁子河村人，画室名群峰扶翠之居。1896年1月26日生于河北省遵化县梁子河村，1974年6月23日卒于北京。近现代中国画家、美术史论家、美术教育家。自幼喜欢绘画，初临摹《芥子园画传》、《纫斋画》、《古今名人画稿》。1915年入北京大学法政系。书画师从章浩如先生，并曾得贺履之、陈师曾、汤定之、金城诸前辈指点；1918年参加蔡元培校长主办的中国画法研究会，1920年参加金城等创立的中国画学研究会担任研究员，用力于临摹古代名作。其山水画初学晚清奚冈、黄谷原、戴醇士诸家。后深入研习清初龚贤、查士标等人作品。因此，先生在书画史论和书画艺术上都打下了极其深厚的传统笔墨基础。他的画作浓郁沉厚、简括宁静，从技法到意蕴均富文气。其成名早于齐白石、徐悲鸿等人，是坚持笔墨为宗的我国传统北派的重要代表画家之一；1921年北京大学毕业后，先后任教于北平大学艺术学院（即原北平艺专）、京华美术学院、国立北平艺专。解放后历任北京画院画师、院委、天津美术学院教授等职。为中国美术家协会会员，性豪爽，能直言。1947年，在北平艺专任教（原国立北京艺专）时，与寿石工、李智超二教授一起，因对艺专中国画教学主张与徐悲鸿不同而发生激烈争论，反对徐悲鸿在中国画教学和创作中，生吞活剥照搬西画画法的“以素描为中国画造型基础”的教学法。当年暑期后三人被徐悲鸿解聘。这就是轰动其时的“三教授事件”，从此，在政治上遭受冷落；50年代中期，又著文与王逊进行中国画问题的论争，极力维护传统画法与特点。文革期间受迫害，据早年曾受业于秦仲文先生的当代资深山水画家、国画理论家关瑞之先生回忆：1974年秦仲文先生的国画《群鸡》被文化部定为“黑画”，并定性为“恶毒攻击知识青年上山下乡的伟大战略”，最终秦先生积郁成疾于1974年秋去世。他是当年唯一受迫害致死的“黑画家”。1978年秦仲文先生和其他“黑画家”在政治上得到彻底平反[2]。
秦仲文认真研摹过古代绘画，是一位有深厚笔墨功力的中国画家。他还谙熟诗词，长于书法，留下了画史著述，因此他对传统绘画艺术的理解深入而贯通。
50岁以前，秦仲文的画主要是临摹古人，以后则融入写生，努力突破古人规范，创造自己的面貌。50年代后期至60年代前期，他的作品最多，也更臻成熟，创作了《沙丰路上写生》、《岷山遇雨》、《岳阳楼》、《乌江天险》等作品。他以北方人的豪爽气质驾驭南派山水画的技巧，用笔坚挺有力，墨法精微，能在不大的画幅中表现阔大雄浑的气魄。他还善以行楷笔法画墨竹，风格清劲厚朴。出版有《秦仲文作品选集》、《秦仲文山水画集》、《秦仲文画选》等。
秦仲文擅山水、墨竹，尤以水墨山水著称。其山水，综合王石谷、吴墨井，又上溯宋元，力求综合南北宗，喜以小斧劈皴，结景单纯，笔力坚凝，苍茫浑厚。解放后多有写生之作，但基本风格不变。秦仲文能诗文，长于美术史研究，1930年编著有《中国绘画学史》，是20世纪前半叶重要的美术史著之一。
作品还有《岳阳城》、《晴麓横云图》、《大好河山图》(与胡佩衡合作)。
20世纪50年代初，壮游川、黔、滇、桂、晋，以及京畿各地，创作了大量反映自然和人性之美的新意盎然的作品。晚年更兼画花鸟。墨竹，墨梅亦独树一帜，气韵非凡。秦仲文早年精研古法，50岁后从传统出发，融入写生，突破古人窠臼，画风骤变，形成自己独特的艺术风貌。到60年代初期，他的山水画更是达到炉火纯青的境界；秦仲文以北方人的豪爽气概驾驭南派山水画的表现手法，用坚挺有力，在咫尺之间表现出阔大雄浑的气魄。在多年的艺术生涯中，秦仲文曾反复认真地研究过古代绘画，尤其是1920年进入金城创办的中国画学研究会后，金城收藏的名画、古物等使他得益非浅。长时间的观赏、研摹奠定了他坚实的传统绘画功底，使之逐步成为一位具有深厚功力的国画家。秦仲文不但善画山水，还谙熟时词，长于书法，写过史论著述，他对传统中国文化艺术的理解可以说是深入而贯通的。

秦仲文书画作品

Qin Zhongwen (1896 ～ 1974) , flourish of abundant of original name the Qin Dynasty, date intermediate article, pseudonym is with Qin Yu again after, fasten person of village of arrange Liangzi river, atelier name group Fu Cuizhi resides the peak. North of unripe on January 26, 1896 Yu He saves abide by to change village of prefectural Liangzi river, on June 23, 1974 soldier at Beijing. Modern Chinese painter, art history talks educationist of the home, art. From a child likes to draw, first copy " picture of mustard seed garden is passed " , " sew fast is drawn " , " rough sketch of Gu Jin celebrity " . Into Beijing University law politics was fastened 1915. Division of painting and calligraphy is like a gentleman from Zhang Hao, ever got He Lvzhi, Chen Shiceng, Shang Dingzhi, Jin Cheng all elder give directions; Attended the Chinese brushwork seminar that President Cai Yuanpei sponsors 1918, attended the founding Chinese picture such as Jin Cheng to learn seminar to hold the position of a researcher 1920, forcibly at master of copy ancient time. Begin to learn of its landscape painting is late Qing Xigang, yellow Gu Yuan, Dai Chun person all homes. Development studies the clear Chu Gongxian, person work such as Cha Shibiao after. Accordingly, the gentleman is in history of painting and calligraphy is talked and extremely solid traditional writing foundation was laid on art of painting and calligraphy. His picture is made full-bodied heavy thick, brief but comprehensive is halcyon, arrive from ability law meaning accumulate all rich article is angry. Its become famous antedate the person such as Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, it is to hold to writing to be ancestor one of important delegate painters that our country traditional north sends; After Beijing University graduated 1921, teach to make the same score university art institute at north early or late (namely Yuan Beiping art only) , capital academy of fine arts, national north is smooth art only. Painter of Beijing imperial art academy, courtyard is had successively held the posts of after liberating appoint, the duty such as professor of Tianjin academy of fine arts. For Chinese artist academician, the gender is forthright, can speak bluntly. 1947, make the same score in north art teach only (former national Beijing art only) when, exceed 2 professors one case with birthday manson, Lizhi, because be opposite art position of Chinese picture teaching and Xu Beihong differ and produce fireworks only, in education of the traditional Chinese painting in objecting Xu Beihong be in and creation, accept sth uncritically copies what brushwork draws on the west " foundation of modelling of the traditional Chinese painting in be with sketch " pedagogy. In those days the 3 people after summer vacation time by Xu Beihong dismiss. This is resounding meantime " 3 professors incident " , from now on, in political suffer desolate; 50 time metaphase, what write article and Wang Xun to undertake China draws a question again is agonistic, safeguard traditional brushwork and characteristic to the utmost. Suffer during Culture Revolution persecute, mr Guan Ruizhi recollects egghead of the artist of contemporary and senior landscape that ever sufferred course of study to be born at Zhong Wenxian of the Qin Dynasty according to one's early years, traditional Chinese painting: Zhong Wenxian of the Qin Dynasty's unripe 1974 traditional Chinese painting " group chicken " be surely by culture ministry " black picture " , qualitative for " the great strategy of go and work in the countryside and mountain areas of vicious attack school leavers " , gentleman of final the Qin Dynasty accumulates Yu Chengji 1974 autumn die. He is suffer exclusively in those days persecute deadly " black artists " . Zhong Wenxian of the Qin Dynasty was born 1978 and other " black artists " in political get be rehabilitatinged thoroughly [2] .
Qin Zhongwen grinds seriously copy crosses ancient time to draw, it is a Chinese painter that has force of deep writing work. He returns word of know well ripe poem, long at calligraphy, kept picture history book, his accordingly artistic to traditional brushwork understanding is thorough and be well versed in.
50 years old before, qin Zhongwen's picture basically is copy the ancients, blend in paint from life later, break through the ancients standard hard, create oneself appearance. 50 time later period comes 60 years early days, his work is most, also more attain mature, created " the paint from life on sanded abundant road " , " Min Shan Yuyu " , " Yue Yang building " , " Wu Jiangtian danger " wait for work. He controls with the forthright temperament of northerner south the skill that sends a landscape painting, with the pen strong and strong, spirit of Chinese ink way is small, broadness can be behaved in not big picture big vigorous and firm boldness of vision. He returns be apt to to draw Mo Zhu with travel model calligraphy or drawing, strong the bark of official magnolia of style Qing Dynasty. Publish have " anthology of Qin Zhongwen work " , " Qin Zhongwen landscape painting collect " , " the picture chooses Qin Zhongwen " etc.
Landscape of Qin Zhongwen arrogate to oneself, Mo Zhu, landscape of You Yishui Chinese ink is celebrated. Its landscape, well of cereal of integrated king stone, Wu Mo, trace Song Yuan, do one's best is integrated an administrative unit in Xizang of north and south, happy event break off chapped with hatchet, knot scene is pure, style of writing or drawing firm coagulate, vast and simple and honest. There is paint from life more after liberating make, but fundamental style is changeless. Shi Wen of Zhong Wenneng of the Qin Dynasty, grow to study at art history, compiled 1930 have " Chinese brushwork learns history " , it is before 20 centuries half leaf important art history is written one of.
Work still has " Yue Yang city " , " horizontal cloud atlas of fine the foot of mountain " , " auspicious land pursues " (with) of Hu Peiheng collaboration.
20 centuries at the beginning of 50 time, strong You Chuan, Guizhou, another name for Yunnan Province, laurel, advance, and each district thing capital city and its environs, the work with the new full idea that invented the beauty that reflects nature and human nature in great quantities. Old age more painting of flowers and birds in traditional Chinese style holding a picture concurrently. Mo Zhu, yi Dushu of Chinese ink plum flags, gas charm is extraordinary. Essence of one's early years of article of intermediate of the Qin Dynasty grinds ancient magic art, set out from the tradition after 50 years old, blend in paint from life, breakthrough the ancients sets pattern, picture wind changes suddenly, form oneself distinctive artistic view. To 60 time initial stage, his landscape painting is the state that reachs high degree of professional proficiency more; Qin Zhongwen controls with the forthright lofty quality of northerner south the expressional gimmick that sends a landscape painting, with strong and strong, in very close between show broadness big vigorous and firm boldness of vision. In old artistic career, qin Zhongwen ever had studied ancient time is painterly seriously repeatedly, after the Chinese picture that entered Jin Cheng to establish 1920 especially learns seminar, the renown painting that Jin Cheng collects, ancient objects make his benefit blame shallow. View and admire for long, grind copy established his substantial traditional and painterly strength, the home of made traditional Chinese painting that makes have deep work force stage by stage. Qin Zhongwen not only be apt to draws landscape, return the word when know well is ripe, long at calligraphy, had written history by write, his artistic to traditional China culture understanding can say is thorough and of be well versed in.